Challenger Aircraft Models - The Bombardier Challenger 600 series is a family of business jets developed by Canadair, conceptualized by Bill Lear, and manufactured in 1986 by new owner Bombardier Aerospace. Operation with a wide cab in April 1976. On October 29, the project was launched with the support of the Canadian federal government. and designed to Comply with the new FAR part 25 standard.
In March 1977, the name was changed to the Challenger 600 after Bill Lear retired, and the original tail section was replaced by, among other things, the T-tail. The first prototype was launched on 25 May 1978 and made its first flight on 8 November.
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In 1986, Canada Air was on the verge of bankruptcy and was taken over by Bombardier Company. The jet was later expanded with the Bombardier CRJ regional aircraft, which was launched on October 19, 1992, and the longer-range Global Express. which was launched in July 1999. The 500th Challenger was launched in May 2000 and the 1000th was delivered to NetJets in December 2015. By October 2018, the 1,066 aircraft built
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The Challenger is a low-wing jet powered by two turbofans at the rear of the fuselage. It has a supercritical wing and a two-section vertical cab with seats. The original Lycoming ALF 502 turbo fans were replaced by a pair of Geral Electric CF34s on the CL-601, which also received the wishbones. and made its first flight on April 10, 1982. Later versions have improved systems, avionics and higher weight.
Around 1974, American aviation inventor Bill Lear designed the LearStar 600 jet, a low-wing, long-range business jet. It is powered by a pair of Garrett TFE731-1 turbofan aircraft and is equipped with supercritical wings.
Lear lacks the ability to launch such aircraft. therefore looking for other agencies to work with to produce and sell such as the Canadian aviation manufacturer Canadaair. According to authors Ron Picklet and CEO of Canadair Larry Milberry, they believe that Lear's concept is the best.
Lear had no experienced understanding of aviation, so far he could only pay an American aviation consultant to do a preliminary design study.
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After a study that compared the proposed Learstar with competitors such as Lockheed Jetstar, Dassault Falcon 50 and Grumman Gulfstream II, Canada Air decided to support the idea near 1975.
According to the publication of the aviation industry Flight International, Many Canadians see the project as a step in developing a privately driven, high-tech aviation industry that will compete on a global scale.
Perhaps more importantly, the Canadian government has issued a requirement that Canair be self-sufficient. Therefore, the company wants to reduce costs when subcontracting with other companies such as Dassault Aviation of France and American Boeing, or acquire a support package for existing aircraft that "exist". They are already in production, for example the CF-5 fighter plane.
Canadair plans to use Lear's name and skills in self-promotion to secure broad financial guarantees for Canada's federal business jet program.
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This proved to be a viable alternative: the future Prime Minister Jean Chréti cited the influence of his personal contact with Lear on his decision to send direct funding to Canadair's projects.
At the time of this transition, Chréti was chairman of the Treasury Board. Minister of Industry Trade and Commerce and remained the Minister of Finance in the Canadian government. because of the use of letters of comfort The ministry's financial obligations to Canada Air can be hidden from Congress and the public for years.
These financial guarantees are used as academic examples of insufficient control and lax controls in the support of government companies.
In April 1976, Canada Air received the LearStar 600 concept. The aircraft was 63 ft (19 m) long and 53.3 ft (16.2 m) wide, had a top speed of Mach 0.85 and a range of 7,240 km (3,910 nmi). as senior management has enough capacity for 14 passengers; in the form of a cargo plane It has a load capacity of 3,400 kg (7,500 lb), loading and unloading through the front door. or as a regular passenger plane It can accommodate up to 30 passengers in a 2-1 seat configuration.
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Canada Air is developing the design into a large airframe adorned with a new supercritical wing design. New avionics and gins This included compliance with the new FAR Part 25 standards, the configuration of August deadlock, and the 1/25 model was tested in the transonic wind tunnel of the National Aeronautical Establishment.
The project received support from the Government. It was launched on October 29, 1976 with an order and deposit of 53 aircraft.
Various changes Per configuration of the original Learstar was done from the beginning to launch, for example the control tail plane was replaced by a T-tail after it was previously discovered in the Gine's exhaust flow path. storage on the wing and increase the total weight of the aircraft several times
After disagreeing with the direction of the program, Bill Lear stopped being involved; That's why the aircraft was named Challenger 600 in March 1977.
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After Lear's death in May 1978, Canada Air paid approximately $25 million to his estate for donations to the project.
Due to the expansion of the design The original configuration of the power plant was unstable. As a result, gin maker Lycoming suggested developing a new model, the Lycoming ALF 502L, which Canadair's design team accepted for the larger Challlger.
The wide container doors were designed to meet the needs of FedEx, the first customer of its kind. with orders for 25 aircraft
FedEx also had problems with the Gerald Electric CF34 engines and chose the Lycoming ALF 502D instead.
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FedEx would convert most of its orders into an expanded version of the Challlger, intended to carry up to 12,500 pounds of cargo at a time.
However, FedEx ultimately chose to cancel the order due to US airline regulations. And the specific aircraft that were already produced were sold to other customers instead.
By the spring of 1977, Canair had received more than 70 firm orders and had begun building three prototypes.
Additionally, a $70 million loan was borrowed from European sources to support the project. This reduces the financial burden on the Canadian government.
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A full-size model of the aircraft was displayed at the 1977 Paris Air Show before a tour of Europe and North America, and 106 were sold in 1977.
At the end of 1977, in the face of criticism that the project would not be able to produce aircraft that meet operational guarantees Officials of Canadian Air have promised that they expect the first flights to take place next year. and the first delivery is planned at Beginning of September 1979, Flight International Note that prior to the first flight of the prototype, This type of aircraft already has a noticeable impact on the competition. including the launch of the Cessna Citation III and Grumman Gulfstream III.
At the beginning of March 1978, the first prototype was almost ready and the assembly of the other two was launched.
Set up for quality control, management and flight performance testing It was officially launched on May 25, 1978, while 116 orders were confirmed within 19 months of operation.
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At this point production jigs have been made at a production rate of up to seven Chalgers per month. Ready for mass production to continue
Testing of the aircraft structure began in February 1979 and circuit commissioning began in December 1979, simulating 72,638 flight hours by February 1985, while aging Estimated use is 30,000 hours.
On November 8, 1978, the prototype took off for the first time from Montreal, Quebec. Instead, the flight testing and certification program was conducted at Mojave Kern County Airport. Canada because of better weather
The second and third prototypes made their first flight in 1979. A test flight on April 3, 1980 in the Mojave desert resulted in a disaster. The aircraft crashed due to the failure of the release mechanism to remove the recovery rail to a deep stop. causing the death of one test pilot. Another test pilot and safety parachute test pilot.
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Early marketing of the genre by Candair generally compared the Challenger's more spacious cabin to its competitors, which generally had a narrower fuselage. and consequently the cramped conditions Like the fuel economy of such types in 1982, when only 10 aircraft were in service. The company began promoting the new CL-601 aircraft, which would be powered by a pair of Geral Electric CF34 turbofan engines, replacing the original Lycoming units. On April 10, 1982, the CL-601 made its first flight.
According to Flight International, The decision to use CF34 gine for
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